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Relación entre los niveles de ansiedad y la dependencia a la nicotina en adultos jóvenes.

(2025-12) Daniela Paredes; Andrea Velázquez

This study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and nicotine dependence in young adults, based on the hypothesis that higher anxiety is associated with greater dependence. A quantitative, relational, and non-experimental design was used with a sample of 329 participants aged 18 to 29, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Anxiety and nicotine dependence were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, and group comparisons between consumers and non-consumers using Welch’s t-test. Results revealed a positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between anxiety and nicotine dependence (ρ = .319, p < .001), indicating that higher anxiety levels are associated with greater loss of autonomy related to nicotine use. Significant differences in anxiety levels were also found between consumers and non-consumers (p = .013), with consumers reporting higher anxiety symptoms. Overall, the findings suggest that anxiety plays a relevant role in nicotine consumption among young adults and underscore the need to incorporate emotional distress assessment into prevention and intervention programs targeting this population.

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APOYO SOCIAL PERCIBIDO COMO MEDIADOR DE LA RELACIOÓN ENTRE DISFUNCIONALIDAD PARENTAL Y NIVELES DE ESTRÉS PERCIBIDO EN ADULTOS JÓVENES

(2025-12) ACOSTA SARMIENTO LAYLA PATRICIA; ALVAREZ FLORES HERNÁN ALEJANDRO

The present study aimed primarily to analyze the relationship between perceived parental dysfunction, perceived social support, and perceived stress in young adults. In addition, the mediating role of social support in the relationship between perceived parental dysfunction and stress levels was evaluated, specifically considering the dimensions of coping and perceived distress. A total of 259 Ecuadorian university students between 18 and 25 years old participated in the study. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires delivered virtually. The findings showed that perceived parental dysfunction, both maternal and paternal, was directly related to higher levels of perceived distress in young adults. In this case, no evidence of mediation by social support was found, due to the absence of a significant direct association between social support and distress. In contrast, the analysis of perceived coping showed that social support did play a role in the relationship with parental dysfunction. Mediation was found for both paternal and maternal dysfunction.

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EFICACIA DE LA TERAPIA DIALÉCTICO CONDUCTUAL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA DEPRESIÓN EN ADULTOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA

(2025-12) MATHIAS SAN MIGUEL; MILTON PÁRRAGA

This study examined the extent to which Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was effective in the treatment of depression in adults through a systematic review of the scientific literature. For study selection, investigations were included when participants were adults, depressive symptoms were assessed with validated clinical instruments and depression appeared as a primary diagnosis or as a comorbid or secondary condition. Interventions based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy in full format or through specific components were considered when they were grounded in its principles and described in terms of duration and frequency. Only studies with at least one comparison or control group, pretest-posttest design and quantitative efficacy outcomes were included. Information was searched in international databases and findings were 3 summarized, compared and integrated, considering design, sample characteristics, intervention modalities and control conditions. 26 studies were included, with samples of adults with depression, frequently with clinical comorbidities and in outpatient or partial hospitalization settings. Results showed that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was associated with consistent reductions in depressive symptoms and was superior to passive control conditions and treatment as usual, although it did not show systematic superiority over other active psychological treatments. It was concluded that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy constituted an effective intervention for adult depression, with limitations related to methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and predominance of specific clinical contexts. Implications for practice were indicated by suggesting this therapy as a valid alternative and highlighting the need for more rigorous comparative studies.

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EL PAPEL MODERADOR DEL GRIT EN LA RELACIÓN DEL ESTRÉS ACADÉMICO Y LA PROCRASTINACIÓN ACADÉMICA

(2025-12) LUIS ANDRÉS BÉJAR CÁRDENAS; AMY SOLANGE GUILLEN MURRIETA

This research was quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational, and its objective was to analyze whether grit moderated the relationship between academic stress and academic procrastination in university students. The study included a sample of 220 university students from Ecuador, aged 18 to 28. Three psychometric instruments were used: the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students to evaluate academic procrastination, the SISCO Inventory to measure academic stress, and the Grit Scale to assess grit levels. The results showed that the model explained 30.9% of the total variance in procrastination. Academic stress was positively related to procrastination, while grit was 4 negatively related. The interaction effect was significant, revealing that, contrary to expectations, the relationship between stress and procrastination was stronger among students with moderately high levels of grit. It was concluded that procrastination increases as academic stress rises and grit decreases; however, grit does not function as a universal protective factor, as it moderated the relationship in the opposite direction of what was anticipated. Additionally, grit demonstrated a mediating role: higher stress predicted lower grit, and lower grit predicted higher procrastination, highlighting a dual function of grit within this relationship. This study provides evidence to enhance the understanding of personal factors that influence academic behavior.

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EFICACIA DE LA TERAPIA DIALÉCTICO CONDUCTUAL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA DEPRESIÓN EN ADULTOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA

(2025-12) MATHIAS SAN MIGUEL; MILTON PÁRRAGA

This study examined the extent to which Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was effective in the treatment of depression in adults through a systematic review of the scientific literature. For study selection, investigations were included when participants were adults, depressive symptoms were assessed with validated clinical instruments and depression appeared as a primary diagnosis or as a comorbid or secondary condition. Interventions based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy in full format or through specific components were considered when they were grounded in its principles and described in terms of duration and frequency. Only studies with at least one comparison or control group, pretest-posttest design and quantitative efficacy outcomes were included. Information was searched in international databases and findings were 3 summarized, compared and integrated, considering design, sample characteristics, intervention modalities and control conditions. 26 studies were included, with samples of adults with depression, frequently with clinical comorbidities and in outpatient or partial hospitalization settings. Results showed that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was associated with consistent reductions in depressive symptoms and was superior to passive control conditions and treatment as usual, although it did not show systematic superiority over other active psychological treatments. It was concluded that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy constituted an effective intervention for adult depression, with limitations related to methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and predominance of specific clinical contexts. Implications for practice were indicated by suggesting this therapy as a valid alternative and highlighting the need for more rigorous comparative studies.

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