Aplicación del código ético como estrategia de prevención del nepotismo en entidades de la administración pública ecuatoriana.

Abstract

This study analyzes the effectiveness of the code of ethics as a strategy to prevent nepotism in Ecuadorian public institutions, specifically in the Ministries of Transportation, Housing, Finance, Public Health, and the ARCSA (National Commission for the Promotion of Nepotism). The methodological approach is qualitative, based on a documentary review of codes of ethics, institutional regulations, resolutions, and official websites, complemented by a systematic review of national and international literature. Four key dimensions were evaluated: institutional transparency, impartiality and meritocracy, ethical oversight mechanisms, and institutional perception of the code of ethics. The sample corresponds to five central-level public entities, whose regulatory officers have powers over administrative and human talent processes. The findings indicate that, while most entities have a formal code of ethics, its application is limited and lacks effective oversight and sanction mechanisms. Meritocratic practices are not fully implemented, and transparency in selection processes remains deficient in several institutions. Furthermore, there is evidence of low appropriation of the code of ethics by public officials, which weakens its legitimacy as a preventive tool. It is concluded that the mere existence of a code of ethics is not sufficient to prevent nepotism: it is essential to accompany it with monitoring mechanisms, proportional sanctions, and ongoing ethics training that allow for the institutionalization of a culture of integrity and effective public oversight.