PSICOLOGÍA CLÍNICA
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repositorio.uees.edu.ec/handle/123456789/79
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Relación entre los niveles de ansiedad y la dependencia a la nicotina en adultos jóvenes.(2025-12) Daniela Paredes; Andrea VelázquezThis study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and nicotine dependence in young adults, based on the hypothesis that higher anxiety is associated with greater dependence. A quantitative, relational, and non-experimental design was used with a sample of 329 participants aged 18 to 29, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Anxiety and nicotine dependence were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, and group comparisons between consumers and non-consumers using Welch’s t-test. Results revealed a positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between anxiety and nicotine dependence (ρ = .319, p < .001), indicating that higher anxiety levels are associated with greater loss of autonomy related to nicotine use. Significant differences in anxiety levels were also found between consumers and non-consumers (p = .013), with consumers reporting higher anxiety symptoms. Overall, the findings suggest that anxiety plays a relevant role in nicotine consumption among young adults and underscore the need to incorporate emotional distress assessment into prevention and intervention programs targeting this population.Item APOYO SOCIAL PERCIBIDO COMO MEDIADOR DE LA RELACIOÓN ENTRE DISFUNCIONALIDAD PARENTAL Y NIVELES DE ESTRÉS PERCIBIDO EN ADULTOS JÓVENES(2025-12) ACOSTA SARMIENTO LAYLA PATRICIA; ALVAREZ FLORES HERNÁN ALEJANDROThe present study aimed primarily to analyze the relationship between perceived parental dysfunction, perceived social support, and perceived stress in young adults. In addition, the mediating role of social support in the relationship between perceived parental dysfunction and stress levels was evaluated, specifically considering the dimensions of coping and perceived distress. A total of 259 Ecuadorian university students between 18 and 25 years old participated in the study. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires delivered virtually. The findings showed that perceived parental dysfunction, both maternal and paternal, was directly related to higher levels of perceived distress in young adults. In this case, no evidence of mediation by social support was found, due to the absence of a significant direct association between social support and distress. In contrast, the analysis of perceived coping showed that social support did play a role in the relationship with parental dysfunction. Mediation was found for both paternal and maternal dysfunction.Item EFICACIA DE LA TERAPIA DIALÉCTICO CONDUCTUAL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA DEPRESIÓN EN ADULTOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA(2025-12) MATHIAS SAN MIGUEL; MILTON PÁRRAGAThis study examined the extent to which Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was effective in the treatment of depression in adults through a systematic review of the scientific literature. For study selection, investigations were included when participants were adults, depressive symptoms were assessed with validated clinical instruments and depression appeared as a primary diagnosis or as a comorbid or secondary condition. Interventions based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy in full format or through specific components were considered when they were grounded in its principles and described in terms of duration and frequency. Only studies with at least one comparison or control group, pretest-posttest design and quantitative efficacy outcomes were included. Information was searched in international databases and findings were 3 summarized, compared and integrated, considering design, sample characteristics, intervention modalities and control conditions. 26 studies were included, with samples of adults with depression, frequently with clinical comorbidities and in outpatient or partial hospitalization settings. Results showed that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was associated with consistent reductions in depressive symptoms and was superior to passive control conditions and treatment as usual, although it did not show systematic superiority over other active psychological treatments. It was concluded that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy constituted an effective intervention for adult depression, with limitations related to methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and predominance of specific clinical contexts. Implications for practice were indicated by suggesting this therapy as a valid alternative and highlighting the need for more rigorous comparative studies.Item EL PAPEL MODERADOR DEL GRIT EN LA RELACIÓN DEL ESTRÉS ACADÉMICO Y LA PROCRASTINACIÓN ACADÉMICA(2025-12) LUIS ANDRÉS BÉJAR CÁRDENAS; AMY SOLANGE GUILLEN MURRIETAThis research was quantitative, non-experimental, and correlational, and its objective was to analyze whether grit moderated the relationship between academic stress and academic procrastination in university students. The study included a sample of 220 university students from Ecuador, aged 18 to 28. Three psychometric instruments were used: the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students to evaluate academic procrastination, the SISCO Inventory to measure academic stress, and the Grit Scale to assess grit levels. The results showed that the model explained 30.9% of the total variance in procrastination. Academic stress was positively related to procrastination, while grit was 4 negatively related. The interaction effect was significant, revealing that, contrary to expectations, the relationship between stress and procrastination was stronger among students with moderately high levels of grit. It was concluded that procrastination increases as academic stress rises and grit decreases; however, grit does not function as a universal protective factor, as it moderated the relationship in the opposite direction of what was anticipated. Additionally, grit demonstrated a mediating role: higher stress predicted lower grit, and lower grit predicted higher procrastination, highlighting a dual function of grit within this relationship. This study provides evidence to enhance the understanding of personal factors that influence academic behavior.Item EFICACIA DE LA TERAPIA DIALÉCTICO CONDUCTUAL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA DEPRESIÓN EN ADULTOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA(2025-12) MATHIAS SAN MIGUEL; MILTON PÁRRAGAThis study examined the extent to which Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was effective in the treatment of depression in adults through a systematic review of the scientific literature. For study selection, investigations were included when participants were adults, depressive symptoms were assessed with validated clinical instruments and depression appeared as a primary diagnosis or as a comorbid or secondary condition. Interventions based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy in full format or through specific components were considered when they were grounded in its principles and described in terms of duration and frequency. Only studies with at least one comparison or control group, pretest-posttest design and quantitative efficacy outcomes were included. Information was searched in international databases and findings were 3 summarized, compared and integrated, considering design, sample characteristics, intervention modalities and control conditions. 26 studies were included, with samples of adults with depression, frequently with clinical comorbidities and in outpatient or partial hospitalization settings. Results showed that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was associated with consistent reductions in depressive symptoms and was superior to passive control conditions and treatment as usual, although it did not show systematic superiority over other active psychological treatments. It was concluded that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy constituted an effective intervention for adult depression, with limitations related to methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and predominance of specific clinical contexts. Implications for practice were indicated by suggesting this therapy as a valid alternative and highlighting the need for more rigorous comparative studies.Item RELACIÓN ENTRE RUMIA COGNITIVA Y CALIDAD DE SUEÑO EN JÓVENES ADULTOS SIN DIAGNÓSTICO CLÍNICO(2025-12) EDUARDA VALENTINA CHONLONG ALCÍVAR; ELIANNA RAMÍREZ TERÁNThe present study examined the relationship between cognitive rumination and sleep quality in young adults without a clinical diagnosis. It was hypothesized that higher levels of cognitive rumination would be associated with lower sleep quality in this population. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 184 young adults (109 women and 75 men), who completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Ruminative Responses Scale. The results confirmed the general hypothesis, showing that cognitive rumination was positively associated with poorer sleep quality.Item EFECTIVIDAD DE LA TERAPIA COGNITIVO CONDUCTUAL EN EL MANEJO DEL DOLOR CRÓNICO EN PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-12) ZULEIMA SANTALLA DE BANDERALIChronic pain is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in cancer patients, affecting between 40% and 80% of those undergoing treatment or in advanced stages of the disease. Its management requires comprehensive strategies that include psychological interventions as a complement to medical treatment. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the management of chronic pain in cancer patients, analyzing scientific literature published between 2010 and 2025. A rigorous search was conducted in Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, Dialnet, SciELO, Redalyc, and ScienceDirect, using Boolean equations in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Eight randomized controlled trials and one pretest-posttest studies with a control group that applied CBT as a primary or complementary intervention and assessed chronic pain were included. Of the initial 809 records, after removing duplicates and applying the established criteria, nine studies met the methodological requirements for final analysis.The findings show that techniques such as cognitive restructuring, pain coping training, waking hypnosis, and pain coping skills training (PCST) programs resulted in significant reductions in pain intensity and catastrophizing.It is concluded that the available evidence supports the effectiveness of CBT as a complementary intervention for the treatment of chronic cancer pain, showing consistent benefits across different therapeutic modalities. Further research with larger samples and longitudinal designs is recommended to strengthen its clinical validity and applicability to various types of cancer.Item CAUSAS Y CONSECUENCIAS DE LA VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR Y LA APARICIÓN DE TRASTORNOS DE CONDUCTA(2018-01) Maldonado Vicuña, Nicole Nathhaly; Marcial, PatriciaIt is considered intrafamily violence to any type of abuse generated by the aggressor or aggressors either verbally or physically. The causes that trigger it are: economic problems, as a couple, unwanted children, children with physical and / or mental disability, pathological parents, among others. The general objective of this research was: to define the factors that trigger intrafamily violence. The specific objectives were: to determine the signs and symptoms that appear in victims of violence after being exposed to abuse and to find the most prevalent types of behavioral disorders in these affected members. The methodology of the study is mixed because it describes the results and at the same time shows the percentage of responses. The hypothesis of this investigation was: intrafamily violence affects the emotional balance of injured members leading to the appearance of alterations in behavior, promoting negative reinforcers, therefore any physical or psychological aggression harms the family nucleus. To contrast it, 30 surveys were conducted, which were directed in physical to 30 male patients of mental health and addiction center with ages between 18 and 25 years of urban area. The surveys contained 10 questions, of which 6 were multiple choice and 4 dichotomous and addressed intrafamily violence based on the types of abuse received, feelings and behaviors experienced after the violent episode. As a result, it was found that most suffered physical violence and experience feelings of guilt, anxiety, depression and substance abuse.Item MÉTODOS CONDUCTISTAS EN LA ESCUELA DEL SIGLO XXI(2017-09) Limongi Izaguirre, Maria Claudia; Peña Herrera, BernardoThis document analyzes the learning theory of conductism from the discipline point of view, and offers findings on how this educational theory is better than other educational methods regarding the discipline of the students. In first place the author make a research of the principal educational theories such as conductism, cognitivism and constructivism, with the objective to learn their differences. The author then offers the main advantages of conductism in the classroom and exposes examples of best examples of practices regarding education. After that a comparative analysis is presented between the conductism and the constructivism in order to establish how those two educational theories handles the discipline in the schools. Finally the author offers the analysis conclusions, remarking the need of adopting de conductism theory in discipline control in the schools.Item PREVALENCIA DEL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS(2017-12) Prieto Paz, Paulina Alejandra; Peña Herrera, BernardoAlcohol is a substance with properties that cause addiction, accepted by society, causing the highest number of deaths in young people. Within alcohol and its consumption, the aim is to move studies towards a poorly attended population, where the effects of alcohol consumption become increasingly high and the biological, psychological, social and labor consequences are increasingly evident. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among college students in the city of Guayaquil in order to create awareness and open a space for more studies and campaigns related to this topic. To carry out this research, the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) questionnaire was taken, 100 students from three selected universities were evaluated, 60% of the sample were women and the remaining 40% were men. The sample conformed university students between the age group of 18 to 30. In both sexes, it was revealed that the average of participants obtained a rating that limits factors of risk consumption, where men tend to be the biggest consumers.Item LA TERAPIA COGNITIVO CONDUCTUAL EN ADULTOS QUE PADECEN TRASTORNO DE ANSIEDAD GENERALIZADA(2017-05) Echeverría León, Samanta Elizaveth; Peñafiel, CarolinaThe present article has as objective to provide knowledge about the benefits the adults that suffer from TAG can obtain by using the cognitive conduction therapy. For this, the search was profound in the history of cognitive conduction therapy, analyzing its evolution and the different similar therapies that help for other diseases. Cognitive therapies seek to make the patient question their own thoughts in order to establish a method to modify them; unlike conduction therapy, which seeks to modify an individual’s behavior through reinforcement techniques. It is concluded that for the purposes of TAG, the results indicate that the proper technique to be utilized is cognitive conduction, as it constitutes a combination of conduction and cognitive therapies creating a more complete treatment, which constitutes the only method to treat the disease. Unlike other therapies, the TCC, has long-term benefits, which means that the patient will not display symptoms with the same degree of severity on the long run. In order to obtain the pertinent data, the qualitative comparative method was implemented, analyzing several studies worldwide, several articles were compiled through the EBSCO database, which is provided by UEES, and through Google scholar.Item SALUD SEXUAL: CONTRASTE POR GÉNERO MASCULINO Y FEMENINO DE LA AUTOCONCIENCIA SEXUAL EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS(2017-09) Velasco Nieto, Maxwell; Cuadrado, LorenaThe study of sexual health supports a correlation between sexual self-consciousness and sexual situations, for which the Sexual Self Consciousness Scale (SSCS) is used, an instrument that distinguishes dimensions of embarrassment and sexual focus. At present, the tool is validated and adapted to Spanish, being applied in Ecuadorian women. The objective is to contrast the dimensions of sexual self-consciousness, in the masculine and feminine gender, with the translated version of the SSCS, to recognize people's attitudes towards sexual situations. The methodology used is quantitative, with confirmatory research and cross-sectional design; the sample is 121 Ecuadorian participants between 18 and 25 years old. In conclusion, it was possible to determine that both genders have the same percentage of sexual activity and do not present a burden of embarrassment in their relationships. However, there is a difference in the frequency of sexual practice, in sexual self-focus and in the focus on the coupleItem CORRELACIÓN ENTRE ANSIEDAD, DEPRESIÓN, BURNOUT ACADÉMICO Y DESEMPEÑO EN ESTUDIANTES: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2017-09) Trujillo Espinosa, Paula; Peña Herrera, BernardoThis bibliographic research is an analysis of the correlation between anxiety, depression, academic burnout and how these affect the academic performance of high school and university students. The analysis of various authors and their research, show the level of relationship between the variables and confirm they may be helpful to predict the results in academic performance. Anxiety and depression have an effect in the development of burnout syndrome and vice versa, and according to teachers and parents, these affect the results young students obtain in tests. A negative learning context may result in depression and anxiety symptoms, and the level of academic demand and behavioral issues, will also influence the academic results. Knowing these correlations may be helpful to find out strategies that may reduce anxiety, depression and burnout among students, which will be shown in students’ academic performance.Item SOBRECARGA DE CUIDADORES DE PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDADES MENTALES(2017-09) Rubio Pino, Paula Gonzales; Pimentel Veras, LuciaThe current trend towards the deinstitutionalization of patients with diagnoses of mental illness has influenced the increase of relatives who are caregivers of these types of patients. Dealing with a family member that has a mental illness causes side effects such as stress, aging, and anger those that lead to burnout in caregivers. There is a psychological affection in the caregivers due to the process; it depends on the duration of the disease, and the complexity it presents. The lack of family support networks, duration of illness, as well as type of diagnosis influences the level of burnout. This research aims to determine the level of overload that presents a group of caregivers of patients suffering from mental illness and who are hospitalized in a Mental Institute in Guayaquil; in addition to establishing the present relationship between the level of overload and the time of illness and the type of diagnosis. In this investigation the Zarit Burden Interview was used to measure the overload in caregivers and also questions were asked to find out the length of the disease and the diagnosis of patients. It was found that the level of burden was intense and the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia.Item USO DE POTENCIADORES COGNITIVOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIALIDADES ESPÍRITU SANTO (UEES(2017-05) Ramos Fuenzalida, Matias Marcial; Marcial, PatriciaA cognitive enhancer is a substance that ingested in low doses, increases cognitive functions such as: attention, concentration, memory, reasoning, etc. The overall objective of this study is to demostrate the use of cognition enhancers in a sample group of undergraduate students of the UEES (Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo). These are classified in: 1) over the counter or substances that can be easily purchased in supermarkets without the need of medical prescription; 2) prescription drugs; 3) illicit drugs, especially psychostimulants such as Methamphetamines, ecstasy, and others; this study was restricted to analyze the first two groups. This research is exploratory and has a quantitative descriptive approach. From a sample of 77 students aged 18 years to 25 years or more; 58% women and 42% men, it was concluded that caffeine was the most consumed cognitive enhancer with 88%, followed by modafinil with 19%. The use of cognitive enhancers is increasingly common in college students, who usually begin by ingesting larger amounts of caffeine and then, failing to achieve the desired effects, use another substance that they consider to be more effectiveItem RASGOS DE VÍCTIMAS DE FEMICIDIO Y LOS FACTORES QUE INCIDEN EN ESTE DELITO(2017-05) Maxximi Flores, María Auxiliadora; Cuadrado, LorenaFemicide is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly popular among the population due to the unprecedented increase in deaths among women in recent years. Discrimination and violence against women is a silenced and naturalized problem that is maintained because of the subordinate position of women within a patriarchal society; which contributes to keeping women in social disadvantage. The objective of this research is to identify the psychological characteristics of victims of femicide and the factors that influence this crime. It is concluded that femicide is the last link of a life full of violence resulting from gender inequality, based on a system of oppression that seeks to intimidate and control women. The methodology used was descriptive exploratory type with a mixed approach, due to the collection of information on femicide and research on national and international statistical dataItem ACTITUDES Y CONDUCTAS HACIA EL ABORTO INDUCIDO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE SAMBORONDÓN - ECUADOR(2017-09) Cucalon, Carlos A; Marcial, Patricia ElizabethAbortion is a controversial issue because of all the problems it brings worldwide, whether sanitary, economic or moral. It has also been approached from different perspectives and there are several debates around it. The majority of studies regarding this phenomena, focus mainly on its consequences, implications and incidence; leaving aside relevant elements. This research is examined from the perspective of social psychology, in order to analyze theattitudes and behaviors in undergraduates from the urban area of Samborondón – Ecuador towards induced abortion. The sample is 151 men and women between the ages of 16 and 28 years. The study approach is descriptive and qualitative. In order to reach the objective, a survey of 23 questions about attitudes, behaviors and expertise about induced abortion was developed. The results revealed that people generally have a negative attitude towards abortion, however these may change depending on the circumstances. In addition, it was also determined that the attitudes people may have about induced abortion are usually related with it’s according behaviors; either continuing with a pregnancy, or having an abortion; nonetheless, this is not always the case, since sometimes the interests of people who have to make this decision prevail against their beliefs.Item RELACIONES EMOCIONALES TÓXICAS DE PAREJA, CAUSAS Y CONSECUENCIAS: FEMINICIDIO(2017-12) Fernandez Navarro, Stefania; Cuadrado, LorenaThe objective of this study is to analyze the possible relationship between the establishment of a toxic relationship and cases of feminicide in order to formulate a preventive action framework that arises from the understanding of both phenomena. To do this, a documentarybibliographic review was made on both variables in order to find points of connection between them that justify the generation of an intervention route from them. To obtain the consulted literature, the databases of EBSCO and Google Scholar were used. As a result, a prevention model is presented as an algorithm that emerges from common indicators between toxic relationships and femicide, which is expected to serve as a tool for evaluators and companions of this phenomenon to prevent the consequences of this reality complex socialItem ESQUIZOFRENIA: SU ENTENDIMIENTO DESDE EL CONDUCTISMO Y ACEPTACIÓN PSICOLÓGICA(2018-01) Plaza Miño, Irene Andrea; Peña Herrera, BernardoSchizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects different brain functions in those who suffer from it; it is a phenomenon that increasingly causes greater interest in the population during the last years. The behavioral approach specified in this research is ordered by phases to be followed as an exploration of the possible difficulties in the psychosocial functioning of the person, description of the behavior-problem, functional analysis of the problem behavior, formulation of explanatory hypotheses, intervention and the evaluation of the results and follow-up. The present work is a bibliographic review with the objective of knowing and identifying how the behavioral perspective, in its different treatments, addresses said disease. The methodology was qualitative with a documentary approach and for this purpose the EBSCO, SCOPUS and Google academic databases were used. It is concluded that schizophrenia from the two main approaches of psychotic, neurobiological and psychological disorders expose that the symptoms of this disease have their reason for being in each person. Finally, it explains treatments and therapies that can be used in patients with this disorder.