ESCUELA DE NUTRICIÓN Y DIETETICA

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    FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL BAJO PESO AL NACER Y EVOLUCIÓN NUTRICIONAL EN NEONATOS ATENDIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL RODRÍGUEZ ZAMBRANO, MANTA.
    (2019-03-13) García Villacís., Zully Alexandra; Reyes, Myriam
    Low birth weight is a strong predictor of infant mortality, growth and survival. Newborns born with low birth weight begin an immediately disadvantaged life and low survival rates. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to inform health authorities about the risk factors of LBW in order to establish programs to reduce the prevalence of LBW in the municipality of Manta, as well as serve as a base for other researchers who carry out similar studies related to this field. In the present study we studied the births with low weight, corresponding to the year 2016, in the Dr. Rafael Rodríguez Zambrano Hospital, which is located in the city of Manta, where 161 children with a confirmed diagnosis of low birth weight were born, who represented the 6% of the neonates born alive in that year. In conclusion, the neonates who were fed with breast milk survived and those who did not consume breast milk, for different reasons, died. The best diet for a low birth weight baby is breast milk. The study determined that the initial weight taken at the first hour of birth and the final weight of hospital discharge are statistically equal. (p = 0.801) and that urinary tract infections are one of the most critical factors that cause low birth weight in a newborn.
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    FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL NACIMIENTO DE NIÑOS MALNUTRIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL SAGRADO CORAZÓN DE JESÚS, QUEVEDO, 2017.
    (2019-03-13) De la Torre Castillo, Néstor Guillermo; Mori Rodas, Jenny
    The study regarding the associated factors in malnutrition in neonates of the Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Hospital, which was obtained based on the indicators such as size of the newborn, sex, gestational age and cephalic perimeter, allowed to determine according to international standards the evaluation of the degree or level of malnutrition related to neonatal growth curves. The objective was to determine the factors associated with the birth of malnourished children; the methodology applied was descriptive, not experimental and a sample of 119 newborns under 2500 g was selected. according to the database obtained in the Department of Statistics of the Hospital, the evaluated variables of the nutritional status through the International Standards of Intergrowth-21st of the University of Oxford. The results show that the nutritional status, in 110 cases of newborns are malnourished and only 9 cases with a normal state according to gestational age of a total of 119 cases, the study found that 48% of pregnant mothers had a average between 15-20 years, in addition to 10% of women over 36 to 45 years, gives an average of 58%, concludes that the extreme ages of the pregnant woman is another factor to evidence the presence of cases of newborns with low weight, the association was determined by calculating chi square which resulted in 18.13 with p: 0.006 which means that there is a direct relationship between the maternal nutritional status and the weight of the newborn, a result that coincides with the studies carried out in other countries; it is recommended to provide a nutritional follow-up to prevent complications due to lack of nutrients and vitamins in the first 5 years of life, it is also recommended to give talks on contraceptive methods and exposure of the risks of pregnancy at a young age are important at the level of most vulnerable schools and sectors in the city of Quevedo.
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    "ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE LACTANTES MENORES QUE RECIBEN LACTANCIA MATERNA EXCLUSIVA DE LA CONSULTA PEDIÁTRICA DEL HOSPITAL BÁSICO NICOLÁS COTTO INFANTE, VINCES 2017S
    (2018-11-13) Caicedo Palma, Estela Alexandra; Alejandro Morales, Silvia
    To estimate the relationship between the nutritional status of infants under six months of age who receive exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and the dietary habits of their mothers at the Nicolás Cotto Infant Hospital in the period between April 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 25 infants under six months of age. The data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS version 22, elaborating descriptive statistics: percentage, Chi-square test considering a value of p <0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of the infants was 5 months (44%), 56% were female, 68% with normal nutritional status (57% was 43% female and male); 4% emaciated, 4% obesity and 8% overweight. The range of most frequent maternal age is 17 to 25 years, of which, 67% chose normal delivery and 58% underwent cesarean section. Regarding maternal eating habits highlights the daily consumption of 33% cereals, tubers eggs 8% and 6%; the protein intake is scarce, consuming meats and guts 3 to 4 times a week, 73%; Fish 1 to 2 times per week 70%. It is noteworthy that despite being receiving EBF, 52% of infants report mild anemia and 20% moderate, detected since two months of age and increases from 4 months. Conclusions: The relationship between nutritional status and origin of infants was not significant. There was no correlation between maternal age and the presence of anemia in infants, which was more frequent in infants which was more frequent in infants with normal nutritional status versus those who presented some alteration in their nutritional status
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    "ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE PÀCIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS CON LEUCEMIA AGUDA DEL HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO "DR. FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE·, GUAYAQUIL, 2016"6
    (2016-01-13) Borbor Perero, Jimmy Rubén; Alejandro Morales, Silvia Yolanda
    Leukemias are the most common cancer in children between 12 months of age and 15 years, reaching up to 30% of all childhood malignancies, with a high risk of malnutrition due to the characteristics of the disease. base disease. Malnutrition is the most common secondary diagnosis in patients with leukemia. Malnutrition has been shown by several authors to be a relevant factor in the treatment and evolution of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of pediatric patients under 6 years of age with acute leukemia at the "Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante" Child Hospital from Guayaquil during 2016 to develop a menu program for oncology patients that improves the prognosis of the disease. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the oncology service of the "Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante" Child Hospital, with universe and sample of 42 cases selected at convenience. Non-experimental, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional design. The instruments used were the patients' medical records and a sociodemographic and dietary survey directed at children's representatives. Results: 45% of the sample has altered its nutritional status, 40% have moderate anemia and low weight, according to BMI / Age and Weight / Height ratios, 53% have hypoalbuminemia, the biochemical analysis is independent of the BMI / age and the index. /Age. There is little consumption of meats, vegetables and fruits, with a predominance of small portion size, there is high consumption of rice, potatoes and plantains. Conclusion: The quality of the diet is not considered a risk factor for lymphoblastic leukemia and nutritional protocols are not made in hospitalization and consultation. The data obtained served as the basis for developing a nutritionally adequate menu program with cultural and economic access.
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    EVALUACIÓN DE FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN ESCOLARES DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA, QUEVEDO, 2017
    (2017-04-13) Amores Gaibor, María Fernanda; Torres Terán, Ernesto
    The nutritional status in school stages is a very important issue in society. The present investigation aims to evaluate the main associated factors with the nutritional status in basic education schools. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a quantitative approach, with a population made up of all children from 10 to 13 years old. A predominance of normal nutritional status was observed (78.1% of the study subjects). 15.3% are overweight or obese, while less than 7% are underweight. No case of emaciated found. Regular lifestyle predominated (82.9%), less than 5% have a good lifestyle. No statistically significant relationship was found between the lifestyle and the nutritional status of the students.
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    INFLUENCIA DEL DESAYUNO EN EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y EN EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO DE LOS ESCOLARES DE QUINTO AÑO BÁSICA DE LA ESCUELA JOSÉ MEJIA LEQUERICA. GUAYAQUIL 2014
    (2015-04-13) Valle Lituma, Rosa Judith; Alejandro Morales, Silvia
    It is indisputable that food is an essential for growth and development in childhood external factor. At it is also the recognition the benefits of a balanced breakfast in physical activities and school performance of children. His name as first food of the day marks the guideline of his singular importance in terms of food habits. A few habits that can last the whole life. With this work a double purpose is claimed. On one hand, to emphasize the importance of the breakfast in the academic performance and on the other hand, to distinguish the influence of the nutritional condition in the qualifications. The study was conducted on 140 students (73 girls and 67) Children Aged Between 8 and 14, 5th Basic Education of a Public School of Guayaquil. He answered a questionnaire that explores breakfast eating habits and everything revolves around him. As the anthropometric measurement that allows to know the IMC percentile of these children. The results obtained in relation to the quality of breakfast is that there is no clear relationship between good breakfast and good grades. But among poor breakfast and lower average scores. Nutritional status is inferred that a healthy weight does not affect to have better averages. As these are between children who are overweight.
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    ANEMIA FERROPÉNICA Y SU CORRELACION CON LA ALIMENTACION EN NIÑOS DE 6 A 24 MESES DE EDAD HOSPITAL YEROVI MACKUART DE SALCEDO ENTRE ABRIL - JUNIO DEL 2014
    (2015-06-13) Rojas Taipe, Martha Verónica; Alejandro Morales, Silvia
    The problem of feeding and iron deficiency anemia is analyzed in children aged 6- 24 months Yerovi Mackuart Salcedo Hospital in the period from June to April 2014, whose objective was to determine the causes of iron deficiency anemia and its correlation with food in children 6-24 months of age in the outpatient hospital Yerovi Mackuart City Salcedo during the period April - June 2014, based on a descriptive, not experimental, quantitative and qualitative, in a sample of 101 boys / girls , techniques and procedures and statistical research, as the survey, biometrics, anthropometric and dietary applied to mothers in relation to food and nutrition lives of children who voluntarily to this investigation; Additional laboratory tests were used to determine the existence of iron deficiency anemia, and the medical records of each of the 101 infants investigated. The results of the evaluation show that hematométrica 70.3% are in low hemoglobin and hematocrit parameter, ie have iron deficiency due to decreased dietary iron or an impaired absorption. In the anthropometric assessment it found that despite being within the normal range of weight and height according to age, 68.3% have iron deficiency anemia. With regard to food it is valued as bad mothers have negative influence on child nutrition, either for lack of knowledge or incorrect information from the health professional. In conclusion, poverty, family disruption. Based on the results achieved, a proposal for training to mothers of infants, about proper nutrition is proposed to improve the normal growth and development of children / girls in urban areas such as Canton Salcedo.
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    “COMPLICACIONES TRANSOPERATORIAS Y POSTOPERATORIAS DE LA COLECISTECTOMÍA LAPAROSCÓPICA EN EL HOSPITAL LUIS VERNAZA DESDE ENERO 2014 A ENERO 2016”
    (2017-10-13) Malquín Maura, Fabián René; Barciona Simón, Carla
    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the therapeutic gold standard for biliary lithiasis. However, the percentage of lesions of the biliary tract during the procedure continues to be equal to or higher than in open cholecystectomy. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to know the main comorbidities and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Luis Vernaza Hospital in the city of Guayaquil in the period from January 2014 to January 2016. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to know the main comorbidities and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Luis Vernaza Hospital in the city of Guayaquil in the period from January 2014 to January 2016. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective observational and descriptive study. Design of non-experimental research. The universe will be made up of all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Luis Vernaza Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016. It was not sampled since the entire study population was used. Data were taken from the patients' medical records, which were done during the indicated date, the data collection sheet was filled and then the results were tabulated. Results: A total of 2432 patients were studied, 987 men and 1445 women, of whom 80 had complications during the trans-surgical period and 111 presented complications during the postoperative period. Conclusions: The most frequent transoperative complication was hemorrhage. The most common postoperative complication was significant pain. The mortality rate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was low. The most common comorbidity was hypertension.
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    DETERMINACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN LOS NIÑOS DE 6 A 12 AÑOS DE LA ESCUELA ARZOBISPO SERRANO, DE LA CIUDAD DE CUENCA, NOVIEMBRE 2014 – ENERO 2015
    (2015-12-13) Cumbe Guerrero, Karla María; Alejandro, Silvia
    The problems of malnutrition by deficit or excess nutrients are frequent in the school population. In any consultation for control of the healthy child is important to assess the nutritional status to identify problems of malnutrition, overweight and obesity in a future that can cause metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, high blood pressure leading causes of morbidity and mortality in our country. We developed a descriptive crosssectional observational study, to determine the changes in nutritional status and consumption trends in a sample of 221 children 6 to 12 years of school Arzobispo Serrano. It took as its reference point the growth curves of the WHO to school population and applied a validated questionnaire to the frequency of consumption of food. The 42.09 % presented a normal nutritional status, 38.46 % are malnourished, and 19.45 % are overweight. According to the degrees of malnutrition 64.71 % have mild malnutrition, 17.65 % moderate malnutrition, severe malnutrition 2.35 % and 15.29 % have chronic undernutrition. The 52.04% of mothers are housewives and 46.61 % have a higher level of instruction. The 70.14% of children are fed in their homes, where 52.04 % of mothers are the ones that prepare the food. The milk consumption is low and high for junk food. The recommendations are not fulfilled of fruit consumption. It is concluded that the malnutrition and the overweight are high with bad habits of consumption of food.
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    RELACIÓN DE LA PREALBÚMINA Y EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL CON LAS COMPLICACIONES POSTOPERATORIAS MEDIATAS EN CIRUGÍA GASTROINTESTINAL PROGRAMADA. HOSPITAL LUIS VERNAZA. 2017.
    (2018-02-13) Varela Fajardo, Sandra Karla; Mercader Camejo, Onay
    The interest in the relationship between the postoperative evolution and the nutritional status of the patient is fundamental; malnutrition has been shown to produce pathological alterations in the patient's health. Objective: To determine the relationship between prealbumin and nutritional status with the incidence of mediate postoperative complications in patients scheduled for gastrointestinal surgery at the Luis Vernaza Hospital of the Guayaquil Charity Board during the period from October to December 2017. Method: The present research work is prospective, analytical, observational and cross-sectional type. We analyzed 51 patients over 18 years of age of both sexes who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study, in whom the nutritional assessment was carried out by subjective methods (subjective global assessment), objectives (anthropometry using BMI, brachial circumference and Calf circumference), biochemistry (prealbumin, albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit); to relate them to the incidence of postoperative complications. Results: There was a statistically significant association between the values of prealbumin on admission and the incidence of medial postsurgical complications (p = 0.003 and CI = 95%); Likewise, there was a relation with Subjective Global Assessment and postoperative complications (p = 0.000 and CI = 95%). Infection was the main diagnosis of postoperative complications until the 7th postoperative day. Conclusion: The nutritional evaluation according to the Subjective Global Assessment, biochemical and anthropometric indicators showed a relation with the presence of malnutrition states in the patients. Therefore, it is concluded that the nutritional assessment should be carried out in an integral manner with the association of several easy-to-use indicators that facilitate medical diagnosis.
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