SALUD OCUPACIONAL

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repositorio.uees.edu.ec/handle/123456789/3012

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Implementación de un área quirúrgica para cirugía ambulatoria en un centro de diagnóstico médico de Guayaquil
(2024) SACON MANZABA JHONY GABRIEL
This article proposes the implementation of an ambulatory surgery area in a medical diagnostic center in Guayaquil, with the aim of improving the quality of health services and expanding the center's capabilities. The design and operational model focuses on optimizing the use of resources, reducing waiting times and guaranteeing excellent patient care. The surgical area would handle minor surgeries and procedures that do not require prolonged hospitalization, aligning with global trends toward more efficient, cost- effective, and patient-centered care. Key components of the proposal include a detailed analysis of the facility's physical space, medical equipment requirements and staffing needs. The importance of meeting regulatory standards and maintaining high levels of hygiene and safety is also emphasized. The operational workflow will be designed to streamline, admission, surgery and patient discharge processes, ensuring a smooth and efficient experience for both patients and healthcare providers. In addition, the proposal evaluates the potential impact on the local healthcare system, including increased access to outpatient surgical services, reduced pressure on hospitals, and improved patient satisfaction. This initiative presents a strategic opportunity to improve the delivery of surgical care in the region while contributing to the health, sustainability and growth of the medical diagnostic center.
Evaluación de la Calidad de los Servicios de Salud para Adolescentes en el Primer Nivel de Atención en el Guayas Rural.
(2024) KARINA MARISOL VARGAS BOSQUEZ; CRISTHIAN XAVIER CARRASCO TIERRA
Adolescent health in developing countries faces challenges due to complex contexts, so promoting friendly care environments is key to facilitating access and active participation in their care, being essential to evaluate the quality of services to strengthen public policies and guarantee equitable care. Objective: To evaluate the quality of health services for adolescents at the primary care level in rural Guayas by applying a checklist for evaluating friendliness in Type A and B establishments. Methodology: The quantitative approach, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional design was used in a sample of 13 primary care health centers in rural Guayas through the application of a friendliness evaluation checklist that measures accessibility, resources, clinical care, training and follow-up of adolescents. Results: The evaluation of adolescent-friendly services in health facilities in rural Guayas reveals a positive picture overall, with 10 centers rated as "Friendly." However, areas for improvement were identified in some facilities such as CS2, CS3 y CS10 mainly in coordination, dissemination, community Palabras clave Calidad, Salud, Adolescentes, Checklist, Amabilidad. Clasificación JEL I1 initiatives, filling out records and counseling. Conclusion: Health centres were rated positively in terms of the friendliness of services, but deficiencies were detected that highlight crucial areas for improvement.
Barreras y desafios para la implementación de hospitales verdes en Ecuador
(2023) ALARCON HASING
The health sector contributes significantly to environmental degradation at a global level, being responsible for 4.4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, especially in countries such as the United States, China and the European Union. Objective: Promote debate on sustainability in the Ecuadorian health sector and generate practical knowledge for decisionmaking and implementation of public policies that promote green hospitals. Methodology: A qualitative approach, descriptive design was used, and recent academic and government sources were selected through recognized databases, using keywords in Spanish and English, and the results were categorized. Results: Challenges and barriers identified were cultural resistance, financial limitations, inadequate infrastructure, system redundancy, waste management, water and energy consumption, high demand, supply chain, knowledge and training, technological resources, among others. Among the proposed strategies are the promotion of financial incentives, clear policies, continuous training, structural reforms and the Maestría en Gerencia en Servicios de la Salud adoption of sustainable technologies to overcome these challenges. Conclusion: The implementation of green hospitals in Ecuador faces economic, regulatory, environmental and operational obstacles. Despite successful international examples, the scarcity of local studies underscores the need for in-depth research adapted to the Ecuadorian context.
Impacto del uso prolongado de pantallas en la aparición del Síndrome de Visión por Computadora en trabajadores administrativos de una Coordinación Zonal en Ecuador
(2025-06) KAROL DANIELA FARFÁN SOLEDISPA; LAURA PILAR QUITO CÁRDENAS
The intensive use of visual display terminals (VDTs) in administrative environments has increased the occurrence of visual discomfort, grouped under the term Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) or digital eye strain. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between prolonged VDT use and the onset of Computer Vision Syndrome among administrative workers of a Zonal Coordination of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The CVSS17 questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 110 workers. Results: It was found that 88.2% of the evaluated administrative workers presented computer vision syndrome with moderate or severe symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were visual fatigue, blurred vision, and difficulties with visual accommodation. Conclusions: Prolonged screen use is associated with a high burden of visual symptoms among administrative personnel.
Revisión sistemática sobre los efectos de los agroquímicos en la salud de los trabajadores agrícolas de fincas bananeras: una perspectiva global y regional
(2025-06) REINA GOMEZ YULIANA GUADALUPE
The use of agrochemicals in agriculture has increased crop productivity but has also raised significant concerns regarding their effects on the health of agricultural workers. In Latin America, the frequent use of highly toxic pesticides, combined with limited regulation and technical training, has heightened occupational risks associated with their application. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of agrochemicals on the health of agricultural workers through a systematic review of recent scientific studies, to identify major occupational hazards and propose preventive strategies. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, using MeSH descriptors related to agrochemicals and occupational health. Seventeen original studies were selected, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools according to study design. The collected evidence showed adverse effects on various body systems, including genetic damage, hepatic, renal, neurological, respiratory, and reproductive alterations, as well as an increased incidence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Low adherence to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was identified, influenced by factors such as age, education level, and risk perception. Additionally, deficiencies in enforcement and technical training in rural contexts were documented. Chronic exposure to pesticides poses a serious threat to the health of agricultural workers. It is essential to implement public policies focused on continuous training, mandatory use of PPE, epidemiological surveillance, and effective regulation of agrochemical use. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for longitudinal studies that explore the long-term cumulative effects of such exposure.
Afectación psicosocial en trabajadores de campo en una empresa de telecomunicaciones en el Ecuador
(2025-06) LISSETTE ZULAY ANDINO ORDEÑANA; MARY ALEXANDRA COLOMA GARCES
The rapid growth of the telecommunications sector in Ecuador has increased the demand for technical personnel and, with it, the job demands for field workers. They face psychosocial risks associated with long hours, pressure to meet targets, adverse environmental conditions, and difficulties balancing work and personal life, which impact their health and performance. The overall objective of this research is to analyze the impact of psychosocial risks on field workers at a telecommunications company in Ecuador, in order to identify risk factors and propose strategies for workplace well-being. Using a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional approach, the Ministry of Labor's Psychosocial Risk Factor Assessment Questionnaire was administered to 127 workers. The results showed a medium risk in the areas of "Workload and Pace" (31.4%), "Working Conditions" (29.1%), and "Dual Work-Family Relationships" (25.2%), in addition to a 6.3% high risk in working conditions, with significance in the operational area (p = 0.021). The conclusion is that it is necessary to implement institutional policies focused on preventing psychosocial risk and promoting safe and healthy work environments.
Relación entre el burnout y los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores que realizan home office en una empresa de asistencia psicológica en el Ecuador
(2025-06) KARLA DEL ROCIO BELTRAN MENDIETA; PAULETTE MARIANA JIMENEZ JIMENEZ
Since late 2019 and with the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, remote work or home office has become a predominant work modality in many economic sectors globally. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders in home office workers at a psychological support company in Ecuador. A non-experimental study was conducted with a cross-sectional correlational design and a quantitative approach, in which the MBI and Nordic Questionnaires were administered to 120 telecare workers. The results indicated that 78% of participants presented burnout and 93% reported at least one musculoskeletal complaint, with the most frequent complaints in the neck (26%) and wrist (22.5%). However, no significant relationship was found between the two variables (p = 0.084), according to the Chi-square test. It was concluded that there is no statistically significant relationship between Burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders, although those with Burnout tended to report more physical ailments. This coincidence did not reflect a direct link because musculoskeletal ailments could be more associated with ergonomic factors.
Comparación de riesgos psicosociales en trabajadores offshore y onshore en una empresa de gas natural en Ecuador
(2025-06) PABLO ANDRÉS MALDONADO ENCALADA; CARLOS EDUARDO VELÁSQUEZ VEGA
In Ecuador, the energy industry sector is expanding; the natural gas extracted from the Gulf of Guayaquil enables the generation of electric energy being cleaner and cheaper than the use of diesel. The present study aims to compare the levels of burnout and psychosocial risk between offshore and onshore workers in a natural gas company in Ecuador. Using a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional design, validated psychometric instruments were applied, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), the Ecuadorian Ministry of Labor´s Psychosocial Risk Questionnaire, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and the general Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), to a population of 88 employees. Statistically significant differences were found in several dimensions of burnout and psychosocial risk between both groups. Onshore workers exhibited higher levels of emotional exhaustion and psychosocial risk related to work-family conflict, while offshore workers reported lower perceived effectiveness and work-related energy. Although the complete burnout syndrome was not formally identified, the presence of warning signs was evident and requires preventive action. The study concludes that occupational context, organizational structure, and physical working condition significantly influence mental health outcomes. Specific preventive strategies tailored to each work modality are strongly recommended. This research contributes valuable local evidence for the development of occupational mental health policies in the Ecuadorian energy sector.
Comparación de indicadores metabólicos en trabajadores administrativos versus operativos de una empresa dedicada a la elaboración de semielaborados de cacao en Ecuador
(2025-06) SOL NOELIA MARTINEZ ARMIJOS; ROXANA BEATRIZ TERREROS BUENO
This study aimed to compare the effects of sedentary behavior on metabolic indicators such as body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and triglycerides among administrative and operational workers at a cocoa semi-processing company. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted based on occupational medical examinations applied to 200 employees. The results revealed metabolic alterations in both groups, although with different patterns depending on job type. Administrative workers, who are exposed to higher levels of sedentary behavior during their workday, showed higher fasting glucose levels and lower frequency of physical activity, while operational workers had slightly higher proportions of cholesterol and triglycerides. These findings suggest that metabolic risk is not confined to a single occupational group but is influenced by multiple factors such as lifestyle, diet, and workplace conditions. In response to this situation, an integrated action plan is proposed, aiming to improve institutional nutrition, promote active breaks during the workday, and strengthen a healthy organizational culture focused on overall employee well-being.
Exposición al ruido en el área de envasado y sus efectos en la salud de los trabajadores en una empresa de bebidas en Ecuador
(2025-06) LESSLY LUCILA COBA RUIZ; ANA ESTEFANIA JIMENEZ RODRIGUEZ
Occupational noise exposure in the beverage industry poses a significant risk to workers' hearing health, particularly in glass bottling areas. This study examines the association between job tenure and the presence of auditory alterations, based on occupational audiometry records and environmental noise measurements taken in 2024. An internal case-control design and odds ratio analysis were applied. The results showed a 38.7% prevalence of hearing impairments, with no statistically significant association with job tenure. Recommendations are provided to support the implementation of hearing conservation programs in high-noise industrial environments.
PREVALENCIA DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGOS PSICOSOCIALES EN LOS TRABAJADORES DE UN HOSPITAL.
(2022) Castillo Riascos, Geovany Andres; Ojeda Luzuriaga, Johanna Katiusca
The Ecuadorian health system does not evidence relevant information about the psychosocial risk factors of health workers in Hospitals. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of psychosocial risk factors in hospital workers. A descriptive cross-sectional study was applied, where the "Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Psychosocial Risks of Ecuadorian Companies" was used as a primary tool for the evaluation and diagnosis process of 70 workers. In the results, it is possible to identify that the following dimensions are found with the highest psychosocial risk score: Working Conditions; Double Presence (Work-Family); Discriminatory Harassment; Margin of Action and Control; Workplace Harassment. The overall result shows a direct causal relationship between worker and risk factor. For future studies, it is suggested to be applied other types of more specific measurement instruments with the idea of obtaining a more precise vision of psychosocial risk by dimension. Hospital workers are exposed to different psychosocial risk factors and it is necessary to include a monitoring and training program for staff to avoid negative consequences on collective health.
COMPORTAMIENTO DEL AUSENTISMO DE LOS TRABAJADORES DE UNA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS LÁCTEOS. GUAYAQUIL-ECUADOR 2010-2018 (ESTUDIO CATEAL 2010-2018)
(2019-01-13) Villamar Triviño, Rómulo Andrés.; Herrera Vinelli, Irene Pamela.
Medical absenteeism according to several studies is fundamental variable in the productivity of a company. It has been possible to demonstrate the impact of occupational medical absenteeism on the Gross Domestic Product in several countries, being a state marker for the productivity of the company. Objectives: Analyze the behavior of occupational medical absenteeism in the productivity of the dairy food company of Guayaquil - Ecuador during the years 2010 to 2018. Methodology: The study was carried out through retrospective comparative tables to establish an analysis in which have as main variables the data such as year, type of absenteeism and costs. Results: Within the results, the year with the highest frequency of absenteeism was established, in addition to the diagnoses and costs for the lost days established for the company. Conclusion: The costs of absenteeism are high due to a high annual frequency of absenteeism which are mostly due to a non-medical nature, followed by those of a general medical nature that is not related to work; important variables to be measures controlled and regulated by the company.
DETERMINACIÓN DE RIESGOS DE ACCIDENTES MAYORES A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS DE PELIGROS Y OPERATIVIDAD (HAZOP) EN EL ÁREA DE DESTILACIÓN DE UNA PLANTA DE ALCOHOL
(2019-02-13) Vargas Cerdan, Carlos Manual.; Saá Loor, José Luis
Alcohol distillation plants handle volatile and flammable products; therefore, there is a high risk of fire and / or explosion that can cause serious accidents of material and occupational type. Through the use of the Hazop methodology, operational risks within the plant can be identified, highlighting the resulting labor, economic and social benefits. A multidisciplinary work team is formed with experience in the production of alcohol and the distillation area is divided into 6 nodes to apply the guide words to the parameters of the process, which lead us to identify possible accident scenarios, evaluate the risks and recommend actions to reduce the existing level of risk. Of the deviations of the process parameters in the distillation area, 55% corresponds to fire and / or explosion hazards, which result in 36 recommendations. It was determined that there are no urgent risks and, in spite of the existing safeguards, there are 8 high risks, which with the application of the recommendations may reduce their level of risk. In case of explosion, the Dow index indicates that the radius of affectation is 27 meters which would cause a loss of 50% of the value of the factory with a stop of 72 days for replacement of machinery. This research work can also be applied to other industrial plants with similar activities and processe
DIAGNÓSTICO DEL ESTRÉS LABORAL EN UNA INDUSTRIA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CAFÉ SOLUBLE EN LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL
(2019-03-13) Urgiles Abad, Jazmín Eulalia.; Escobar Segovia, Kenny Fernando.
In Ecuador since June 2017 the Ministry of labor issued the eradication of discrimination in the workplace in its article 9 states the obligation to implement a psychosocial risk prevention program. In the city of Guayaquil, no statistics are known about the diagnosis of work stress in public or private production companies. The objective of this study is to diagnose the level of work stress in a coffee production company in the period from January 2018 to 2019. It is a cross – sectional descriptive study based on the Karasek questionnaire made to a sample of 125 people. The statistics were grouped into variants demographic sex- age and other. This study showed a high level of stress in certain areas as well as two-dimensional correlation of the analysis demand and social support which will work as a starting point to create mechanisms of action that reduces work stress.
DETERMINACIÓN DE LAS MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL IDÓNEAS PARA EXPLOSIONES DE POLVO, DURANTE LA ELABORACIÓN DE CERVEZA EN DOS PLANTAS UBICADAS EN LA REGIÓN OCCIDENTAL Y CENTRAL DE VENEZUELA.
(2019-01-13) Sánchez Aguas, David Francisco.; Cajias Vasco, Paúl Enrique.
This research aims to determine the measures of prevention and control suitable for dust explosions, during brewing in two plants located in the western and central region of Venezuela. It hopes to share awareness of the risk involved in not taking precautionary or control measures in order to avoid damaging events. The NFPA 61 questionnaire "Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities" was used to collect information on 14 criteria in both plants. This is the standard questionnaire for the evaluation of risks in type of industries. In both plants, similarities were found in most of the criteria. In addition, non-conformities were found in 10 of the 14 criteria, which means that they must intervene immediately in both plants, in order to apply prevention and control measures that minimize the risk of dust explosions. A similar pattern was found in both plants. More than 70% of the criteria evaluated represented dust explosion risks.
FACTORES DE RIESGO PSICOSOCIAL: RESULTADOS DE LA APLICACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO EN CONDUCTORES DE BUSES; SERVICIO DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO URBANOS EN LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR.
(2019-01-13) Silva Fernández, José Cristóbal.; Romero Di Lorenzo, Cinthia Vanessa; Escobar Segovia, Kenny Fernando.
The purpose of the academic document is to describe the psychosocial characteristics by delivering the results of the application of the twenty dimensions of the QoPsoQ-ISTAS21 instrument to the drivers working in the public transport operators in the area north of the city of Guayaquil. This instrument was submitted to a trial of experts professional, conducted cultural analysis and validity of content, (Kendall's W > 0.74), a result that presents and significant agreement in the category "High level", is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 150 drivers, this group of workers participate voluntarily after coordinating work with the occupational health and safety management team. The result of the academic study has shown at least five dimensions with a high-risk level, exhibits that are less favorable to health of the drivers, from the perception of the driver the authors recognize that the psychosocial risk has different origins. This Academic contribution is a comparable study conducted to drivers and will serve to make the technicians along with the working groups perform designs of Interventions in order to solve the conflicts of perception of the drivers towards position and protection of their integrity.
RELACIÓN ENTRE LAS POSTURAS ADAPTADAS EN EL PUESTO DE TRABAJO Y LA SINTOMATOLOGÍA MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA EN CONDUCTORES DEL SECTOR DEL TRANSPORTE MASIVO URBANO EN LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL
(2019-01-13) Ramos Remache, Vania Alexandra.; Aguirre Morocho, Jessica Alexandra.; Jara Díaz, Jorge Oswaldo.
The present study relates the anthropometric profile, postures adopted in workplace and the musculoskeletal symptoms in drivers of the urban mass transport sector of the city of Guayaquil, in the period between 2016 and 2018. The research design is of a correlational, transversal type with a mixed approach. The total population is 195 drivers, between 30 to 65 years old. The Nordic standardized questionnaire was used, the REBA method was applied, the anthropometric profile was raised, the body mass index (BMI) was obtained. The results indicate that 46.15% of the population have some perception of symptoms at the musculoskeletal level, with persistence of more than one year in the shoulder area of 13.85%, in the neck region by 9.23%, and in the lumbar region a 7.69%; the evaluated positions determine an average level of risk, the BMI has an average of 29.09 exceeding the ranges proposed by the WHO, therefore it is presumed that the inadequate conditions of the job, workload and lifestyle predispose to the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders.
ANÁLISIS DE PELIGROS Y OPERATIVIDAD (HAZOP) EN LA FABRICACIÓN DE CLINKER: IMPACTO EN LA SALUD Y SUS COSTOS.
(2019-01-13) Orrala Arias, Davis Fernando.; Ruiz García, Rafael Vicente.; Saá Loor, José Luis
Cement manufacturing plays an important role in the development of infrastructure in Ecuador and around the world, in order of demand for this product the cement industry operates throughout the year and 24 hours a day. The continuous use of the installations, process or human failures, and even the lack of follow-up of short-term actions can become major factors in the generation of accidents and incidents. This study through the hazard and operability assessment (HAZOP) contributes to the detection of internal anomalies in the manufacturing process, the determination of the causes, consequences and implementation of corrective actions. In the evaluation, a total of 14 nodes were established, of those, the critical node with the greatest number of abnormalities was identified, this being the preheater area. Additionally, the cost of implementation, the current method of chamber cleaning with manual use of lance, was analyzed, in comparison with the proposed method of use of high pressure pump, with this contribution it is estimated to reduce the exposure time of 80%. assigned operator and its operating costs
EVALUACIÓN DEL NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO DE LA NORMA INEN 2251 :2013, EXPENDIO DE COMBUSTIBLES LÍQUIDOS, EN LOS CENTROS DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA PROVINCIA DEL GUAYAS
(2019-01-13) Olvera Ureña, Evelyn Yaryma.; Huayamave Torres, Romuel German.; Escobar Segovia, Kenny Fernando.
In the Guayas Province, It is not certain if the service station administrators have sufficient knowledge to fulfill the regulation that applies to their distribution centers, that is why the present study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the Standard INEN 2251:2013 “Manejo, Almacenamiento, Transporte y Expendio en los centros de distribución de combustibles líquidos. Requisitos “, which these facilities must fulfill, in the Cantons of Guayas province, through the application of surveys to the administrators of the distribution centers in Guayas. This research is a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. In its first phase, the validity of the content of the questionnaire will be obtained, through an expert judgment (Kendall W> 0.60), demonstrating a high concordance of the judges. The second phase will be the application of the questionnaire to a population of 225 service station administrators, determining the reliability through the coefficient Kuder Richardson, obtaining a result 0.572, a value considered sufficient since this study is of an exploratory nature. The results of the study give concordance and validity of content to the questionnaire elaborated. In addition, the study evidenced that 71% of administrators surveyed self-assess as having high level of knowledge in the Standard INEN 2251:2013. This investigation is a contribution to the regulating entity of the fuel sale to propose technical courses and trainings to the employees of the service stations.
SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT: VALIDEZ DEL MASLACH BURNOUT INVENTORY GENERAL SURVEY EN UNA POBLACIÓN ECUATORIANA.
(2019-03-13) Ochoa De La Vera, Andrea Pamela.; Pacheco Montecé, Karla Gabriela.; Alvarado Villa, Geovanny Efraín
The MBI-GS questionnaire has been widely used and translated into different languages, showing variations in the reliability and validity results, which suggests that the cultural context is related to the interpretation of the construct. The objective of this work is to adapt and validate the MBI-GS in an Ecuadorian population. Sampling is not probabilistic at convenience, made up of 191 workers, to whom the adapted questionnaire was applied. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.77 was obtained, the sample adequacy of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.84, and through the Principal Component method with Varimax rotation four dimensions

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