SISTEMAS DE SEGURIDAD CON DRONES AUTÓNOMOS PARA EL CONTROL DE OPERACIONES MARITIMAS Y FLUVIALES Y SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN NORMATIVA EN EL ECUADOR

Abstract

This research paper analyzes the use of autonomous drone systems for surveillance, control, and security purposes in maritime and river port operations, along with their regulatory implementation in Ecuador. As part of the development, the levels of autonomy of the drones were detailed and a technical explanation of the inhibition systems for drones outside of operations within port facilities was provided. Current threats in ports and the alarming figures on drug trafficking highlight the importance of a much more robust security system in ports, with minimal human intervention, to avoid corruption and human error in security controls. The analysis addresses issues such as operational improvements through the use of autonomous security systems in ports, which are based on cost reduction, low incidence of human error, a system with 24/7 coverage, and speed of reaction. It also highlights the importance of proposing regulatory guidelines to adapt the specific operation of this system in ports to Ecuadorian legislation, through a manual that includes rules of use, determination of responsibilities, limits on travel distance, protocol in case of capture of drones operated by unknown third parties, among other considerations.