POSTGRADO EN CONTABILIDAD Y FINANZAS

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://201.159.223.65:4000/handle/123456789/184

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ANÁLISIS DEL ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDAD FINANCIERA DE LAS COOPERATIVAS DE AHORRO Y CRÉDITO (COAC'S) DEL SEGMENTO 1 Y 2 DEL ECUADOR DEL PERÍODO 2015-2018
(2019-04-13) Uchuari Muñoz, Vanessa del Cisne.; Ramón Zuñiga, Laura Paulina.
The objective of this paper is to study the Financial Vulnerability Index of the Savings and Credit Cooperatives of segments 1 and 2 of Ecuador, through the analysis of the main components of the eleven financial indicators relevant to the analysis of the financial system. The approach used is quantitative with a descriptive - correlational scope, compiling the macroeconomic and financial data published by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), Superintendence of Popular Economy and Solidarity (SEPS), and the Monetary Policy and Regulation Board. Financial (JPEM). Based on the analysis carried out, it is concluded that the COAC`S segment 1 has had a growth of 50.36% of the financial vulnerability index and for segment 2 there was a tendency of decrease of 25.85%, given that the cooperatives of the segment 2 do not have adequate risk management within their strategic plan, and do not have technological means to allow their growth in the face of the competitiveness presented in the financial system. There was a growth in the granting of credit for segment 1 due to the attractive rates for the members and an exhaustive analysis of the risk assumed by the cooperative prior to the granting of the credit, while for segment 2 there was no growth given that there is no still the total credibility on the part of society.
SISTEMA DE COSTEO ABC: UN ANÁLISIS DE LAS VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS PERCIBIDAS POR LAS PYMES EN SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN EN MANTA.
(2019-04-13) Pincay Carreño, Melissa Estefanía.; Sabando Mendoza, Carolina Katiusca.; Molina, Eliana.
This research work aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the Cost of Activities System [Cost Based on Activities (ABC)], and its results in the implementation of SMEs in the city of Manta. For this, a mixed methodology is used, the qualitative and quantitative approach, the analysis of the realities perceived by SMEs in the application of ABC Cost Systems. The scope of the research is exploratory and descriptive, because it applies to companies applied to financial managers of SMEs in the city of manta, the advantages and disadvantages of the application of this costing system are identified. companies, it is difficult to design or acquire ABC software, because of its costs and why not, on the contrary, because of the management style of the organization. Under this perspective, it is concluded that the cost system is based on the activities that require more dissemination in the companies, which assign the tools that help in the adoption of new management trends.
ORIGEN Y EFECTOS DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA FACTURACIÓN ELECTRÓNICA EN EL ECUADOR
(2019-07-13) Pisco Merchán, María Gabriela.; Riera Ríos, Rony Remigio.; Campos Cardenas, Eliecer.
The present work seeks to analyze the origin and effects of the implementation of electronic invoicing in Ecuador. To do this, a review the literature on the adoption of electronic invoicing before and after its obligatory nature was reviewed and the impact on the collection of the Value Added Tax [VAT] of the three main cities of Ecuador was determined, such as Guayaquil, Quito and Cuenca during the period 2011 - 2018 reaching to collect USD 28.3MM. Likewise, it was found that 810 false companies did not use electronic invoicing which generated tax evasion of USD 835 MM, while during 2018 there was greater control of indirect tax by the Internal Revenue Service of Ecuador [SRI] reaching to collect 51.21%. Therefore, electronic invoicing is considered by the Control Agency as a tool to improve the monitoring of the tax evasion of taxpayers.
ESTRUCTURA FINANCIERA DE LAS PYMES DE LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL DEL SECTOR DE INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA PRODUCTOS ALIMENTICIOS DURANTE EL PERÍODO 2015-2017
(2019-05-13) Montece Andrade, Pablo Teodoro.; Moreano Martínez, Ericka Tatiana; Ramón Zuñiga, Laura Paulina.
This paper analyzes the financial structure of SMEs in the Food Industry sector of the city of Guayaquil, carrying out a review of the financial statements corresponding to the periods 2015 to 2017. The companies in the food sector are the most representative of the Manufacturing SMEs. It is necessary to point out that the manufacturing industries in general do not have a representative participation in the business activity of Ecuador. One of the objectives of this research work is to observe, through financial indicators, the weaknesses or factors that impede the growth of these companies. As part of the research process, a review of the literature on SMEs and the financial aspects related to this sector was carried out; as well as analyzing the databases with the financial statements reported by these companies to the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance Companies, the body responsible for the control and regulation of business activity in Ecuador. In line with the above, it was concluded that the two main sources of financing for SMEs in the food manufacturing sector are: suppliers and loans to third parties, while bank loans and equity resources play a negligible role. This type of financing is mainly concentrated in short-term liabilities, requiring these companies to be more liquid to meet these obligations. The concentration of short-term liabilities limits their ability to maneuver cash flows. In addition, the informality in the declaration of their financial figures affects that these companies present a weak and unattractive structure for the bank at the time of accessing loans.
ANÁLISIS DE LA LIQUIDEZ CONTABLE, DEUDA CONTRA CAPITAL Y VALOR CONTRA COSTOS DE LA INDUSTRIA METALMECÁNICA EN EL ECUADOR, PERÍODO 2009-2018
(2019-07-13) Manzaba Muñiz, Hernán Baudilio.; Moran Montalvo, Christian Oswaldo.
Metal-mechanic industry in Ecuador it contributes to other industries such as oil, agriculture, mining, among others, being a great integrating power. It is considered that the more developed the metal-mechanic industry of a country, the greater are its level of industrialization. Therefore, it is one of the most prioritized industries by the governments. At the national level, this industry is essential for the development of the productive chain and is one of the 14 industries that make up the Productive Transformation Matrix Project. This research proposes an analysis of the metal-mechanic industry with liquidity and debt to capital ratios. The analysis indicates that, despite the industry shows high levels of liquidity, they are due to inventory levels. Moreover, the debt to capital ratio showed the predisposition of the metal-mechanic industry to use external resources rather than using its own resources.
PRESIÓN TRIBUTARIA DEL ECUADOR, PERÍODO 2000-2018: UN ANÁLISIS DESDE EL ENFOQUE DE LA TEORÍA DE LA CURVA DE LAFFER.
(2019-03-13) Figueroa Tigrero, Ivette Janeth.; Sánchez González, Carlos.
In 2008, in the wake of the global crisis and the fall in the price of oil, the importance of the relationship between the tax structure and economic growth is highlighted, in turn the concept of tax pressure is included as a viable tool for counteract the reduction of tax revenues. Based on this, the main objective of the research is to establish the optimal level of tax pressure in Ecuador based on the empirical verification of the Laffer curve theory, for this purpose and given the availability of data, a regression was formulated polynomial with logarithmic transformation of the monthly time series of the period 2000-2018, obtaining as a main result that the tax rate that maximizes income is 22.27%, level that is below the current tax pressure (16.50%).
ANÁLISIS DE LA EVASIÓN DEL IMPUESTO AL VALOR AGREGADO EN EL ECUADOR PERÍODO 2014-2018
(2019-04-13) Elizalde Salguero, Lila Del Carmen.; Escalante Ramírez, Carmen María; Abambari Arevalo, Mario Jacinto
Tax evasion is a phenomenon that worries any government, since it subtracts the resources that are always scarce in the face of the pressing needs that must be met. This paper analyzes the tax evasion of the Value Added Tax in Ecuador for the 2014-2018 period, for which it was necessary to theorize some general and specific aspects, among which the different methods and models used to determine tax evasion are briefly addressed. and one of these is the non-traditional "Theoretical Potential Method", which has not been developed or applied in Ecuador; In order to carry out this method, information from the national accounts published in the Central Bank of Ecuador for the period 2014 - 2018 is used, and the two variants proposed by the theoretical potential method, the non-deductible and the value added tax, are compared. the results of the two methodologies with the behavior of the VAT that differ among them; In order to determine the best method, the comparison was made with the behavior of the economy, that is, the gross domestic product (GDP) was used in absolute values, after plotting the results of the two methodologies and the behavior of GDP is visualized that both methods maintain a similar trend, concluding that the higher the tax rate, the greater the evasion. In conclusion, to determine tax evasion there are more than one method, which is used according to the government's economic policy
ANÁLISIS DE LOS RIESGOS Y BENEFICIOS DE LAS CARGAS IMPOSITIVAS EN UNA EMPRESA INDUSTRIAL. CASO PLÁSTICOS DEL PACÍFICO S. A. PERÍODO 2013-2017
(2019-04-13) Cucalón Nevarez, Boris Enrique.; Farias Delgado, Cecilia Dolores.; Carpio Freire, Carlos Raúl
The objective of this study is to analyze the benefits and risks of tax burdens in a manufacturing company in Ecuador, for which case the company of Plasticos del Pacifico SA, belonging to the manufacturing sector, was taken as a case to evaluate that Tax factors affect both positively and negatively. Within the methodology to be used was the survey and the documentary analysis. The survey was conducted to a group of companies in the manufacturing sector, while the analysis document to the company under study. The first tool allowed to determine the general context in which the company develops its activities while the second contributed to move from the general to the particular by understanding what are the main risks and tax burdens that occur in the entity. Among the main results, it was found that the option of reinvesting profits allowed the company to save large amounts in the payment of income tax, while a main risk that the company has is the payment of the income tax advance. Finally, the government must implement policies that encourage investment and the growth of this industry.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGA OPERATIVO DE LAS COOPERATIVAS DE AHORRO Y CRÉDITOS DE LOJA. UN ANÁLISIS DE SEGMENTOS.
(2019-07-13) Chamba Tapia, Lady Jazmín.; Torres Argandoña, Ricardo.
Risk is part of the nature of commercial, economic and financial activities; However, the issue is the identification, measurement and administration in the management of risk factors, drafting and financial security. Its management is important for the development of internal controls, the reduction of losses due to fraud, operational errors and external events; That is, it requires the linking of personnel and financial resources. Therefore, the present work is limited to the study of the Savings and Credit Cooperatives (COAC) constituted in the city of Loja; with the purpose of performing an analysis of operational risk factors, which allows identifying the most frequent loss events in which the COACs are exposed in the execution of their activities; As well as, the adequate measures to mitigate their impact and avoid affecting their financial stability. The development of the paper is carried out, through an empirical-analytical approach, since, it deals with the reality of the facts that are observable, quantifiable and measurable; also, research techniques are applied, such as the survey with precise questions that allow us to appreciate the situation of each entity; In addition, the theoretical platforms are determined on issues related to operational risk, their correct administration, the growing importance that influences the structure of control systems. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations that improve the quality of the processes and the administration of risk factors are shown.
FACTIBILIDAD DE LA EMPRESA FUSIÓN DE EMPRESAS ECUATORIANAS COMERCIO S.A. Y SERVICIOS S.A
(2018-12-13) Burgos Castillo, Mercy Emilene.; Campos Cardenas, Eliecer.
The purpose of this article is to determine the financial feasibility of the merger between the entities COMMERCE S.A. and SERVICES S.A. whose managers seek to create value for shareholders, improving corporate efficiency through synergies between entities. In order to apply this reorganization strategy, its impact on the legal, fiscal, economic and accounting areas was studied, with emphasis on the Business Combination issues for its realization according to the acquisition method based on IFRS 3, section 14 of accounting, starting from a situational diagnostic that allowed to observe the economic reality of the operation and to identify that the entity that to be acquired will be COMMERCE SA, until its recognition and measurement of the gain for purchase. Through the analysis of projected values, the economic and financial viability of SERVICOM S.A. as an entity resulting from the merger. Together they present an adequate and diligent proposal of evaluation, planning and execution of pre- and post-merger, for a favorable decision making of the investors. The pre-merger and post-merger analysis ensure the decision to invest as the managers or owners acquire a net economic benefit of USD 18,714 and the possibility of increasing productivity and financial efficiency.
ANÁLISIS DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA EN ECUADOR Y SU PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA COMUNIDAD ANDINA DE NACIONES (CAN)
(2019-01-13) Avecillas Segovia, Danilo Nicolás; Ramon Zuñiga, Laura Paulina
The Ecuadorian economy along with that of the Andean region has shown sustained growth in terms of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) levels; This paper analyzes the behavior of this variable in relation to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its comparison with the levels obtained from the other CAN countries (Peru, Colombia and Bolivia) during the 2010-2017 period. To achieve this objective, an diagnosis of the economic activities that most influenced this period was carried out, the determinants or factors that could affect were identified, and the degree of relationship of said variables was measured under a simple linear regression model. The main results obtained confirmed the high degree of correlation that exists between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), so based on this analysis and the policies with which the governments of these countries are managed, different ways of attracting foreign investment are suggested.
IMPACTO ECONÓMICO EN LAS FINANZAS DE LA BANCA PRIVADA DEL CANTÓN PORTOVIEJO POST EL TERREMOTO DEL 16 DE ABRIL DEL 2016
(2018-10-13) Mendoza Álava, Rita María; Ramón Zuñiga, Laura
A natural disaster of magnitudes as intense as those of the earthquake of April 16, 2016 in Ecuador, undoubtedly produces great impacts on all aspects and facets of society; even more in the provinces where it caused more damage in both human and material losses, such was the case of Esmeraldas and Manabí, congesting the health system of both provinces by reporting 673 deaths and 6,274 injuries; while the material losses were calculated at 3,000 million dollars. Therefore, the purpose of this document is to determine the economic impact on the finances of the private banking in the Portoviejo canton after the earthquake of April 16, 2016. That is, what repercussions there were on private banking as a result of the earthquake; through a process that was carried out through the development of a research methodology focused on the collection of bibliography and figures published in the Superintendence of Banks and Insurance of Ecuador, as well as in the field through interviews with officials of the main agencies of Private banking in Portoviejo, whose results have allowed us to conclude that it suffered damages such as the decrease in the placement of loans, the increase in delinquency, emerging expenses for the reconstruction of buildings, the habilitation of temporary offices, the recruitment of personnel, dismantling costs and transfer of offices
ANÁLISIS DE LOS FLUJOS DE EFECTIVO EN ACTIVIDADES OPERATIVAS, FINANCIERAS Y INVERSIÓN EN LA INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN EN EL ECUADOR, PERÍODO 2009 - 2016
(2016) Tauzard, Alicia; Moran Montalvo, Christian
This research analyzes the external aspects of the construction sector in Ecuador, from the year 2007 based on a policy of allocating financial resources for the improvement of social conditions of vulnerable groups. from 2013 payments exclusive budget items for reactivation of a demanding market infrastructure refurbishment of roads and housing were created, all this aroused the interest of entrepreneurs who started creating companies to offer construction services, however by concept portfolio have been freezing, generating companies having no bargaining power are obliged to offer their sales with payment flexibility. There is also a liquidity risk because the Ecuadorian State to be the main promoter of the demand for real estate, an alteration in income can cause a ripple effect in the sector, shrinking the economic development of the building and leaving the way those companies that do not have quotas to help them finance their operations until their accounts are cashed on credit.
ANÁLISIS DE LA LIQUIDEZ CONTABLE, DEUDA CONTRA CAPITAL Y VALOR CONTRA COSTOS DE SECTOR AGROINDUSTRIAL EN EL ECUADOR, PERIODO 2009 - 2014
(2018-04) Torres Luz, María Alexandra; Pinzón, Yolanda
The analysis of the most representative sectors of Agribusiness in Ecuador should be the subject of constant study by the government authorities, with the purpose of repowering and growing in the national market and which are quality benchmarks in the international market. This work presents us analysis of the financial situation by calculating accounting liquidity ratios, capital management and profitability of three representative companies of each one of the banana, cocoa and coffee sectors, in order to determine the possible reasons have caused their decline or boom in the level of exports during the study period. The results obtained based on the predicted estimates show that each of the sectors has problems to make an effective use of their assets, unproductive material that often falls into obsolescence without any use; two of the three sectors show low inventory rotation rates due to the limited competitiveness they have in the international market, considering the dollarized economy of 3 the country and the low price of substitute products from Latin American countries. The level of debt against creditors are often excessive, committing a considerable proportion of the production only to its payment and considering the high number of direct labor, the chances that the benefits are destined for reinvestment are scarce. Therefore, the authorities of the Ecuadorian government should seek permanent assistance to those sectors that have great potential for profitability but that is not used.
MODELO PROPUESTO PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN Y CONTROL DE LOS ACTIVOS PÚBLICOS QUE MANEJA EL HOSPITAL PEDIÁTRICO DE NIÑOS BACA ORTIZ DE LA CIUDAD DE QUITO
(2018-03) Puchaicela Viñamagua, Danny; Soriano Idrovo, Pablo Antonio
At present the Baca Ortiz Children's Hospital in the city of Quito has problems with the administration and control of its public goods, so it has not been conceived an adequate organization and control since they are problems of such magnitude that they show the need of the urgent nature of a change in developing a proposal that stimulates the fundamental elements that allow identifying and describing the operation and procedures that must be carried out by the administrative and financial unit related to the management of fixed assets, whose main purpose is to ensure the optimal administration and control of assets in a way that makes it possible to locate them, identify custodians and users, the appropriate interrelationship between accounting and physical control by crossing information, using policies, rules, instructions and procedures.
EVALUACIÓN FINANCIERA Y PROPUESTA DE REESTRUCTURACIÓN DE UNA EMPRESA FAMILIAS EN ECUADOR DEL PERIODO 2016
(2017-10) Pacheco Flores, Rommel Gregory; Redwood Vargas, María Fernanda; Calderón Salazar, Jorge Enrique
The objective of this investigation is to determine the financial situation of the family company Industrias y Cultivos el Camarón S.A. (ICCSA) for, to prepare a financial restructuring proposal. The company under study, was founded in the decade of the 70's in Machala, province of El Oro, dedicated especially to aquaculture production; later it moved to the Puna Island, in the province of Guayas, where it expanded its facilities and began to form part of the shrimp export sector, being North America, Europe, and Asia the main markets to which its production enters. The financial statements evaluated in this work correspond to the accounting record for the period 2012-2016, information with which the pertinent financial ratios or indexes were calculated that reflect the behavior of the company during these years, using an exploratory and descriptive methodology, to review and know the economic and financial situation in which it is. Among the analyzed accounts are the current assets and liabilities, as well as the income and expenses for sales and costs, with which it is determined that in the short term, the company has a stable operating capacity, mainly in the last year, however, in the long run, it is difficult to establish how the company will perform, since in previous years the indicators show an unstable behavior, increasing the risk in its future stability
ANÁLISIS DE LA RECAUDACIÓN DEL IMPUESTO A LOS VEHÍCULOS MOTORIZADOS EN LA CIUDAD DE MACHALA, PERIODO 2013 - 2017
(2018-07) Aguirre Álvarez, Ruth Cecilia; Abambari Arévalo, Mario Jacinto
This paper objectively analyzes the analysis of the collection of motor vehicle tax (IVM), in the city of Machala, during the years 2013 to 2017, in order to systematize the context of this tax, evaluate the results of tax collection in the automotive area in the city of Machala, analyze the behavior of sales before and after the validity of the tax and evaluate the collection efficiency of the same. To reach the objective, research was carried out through primary information sources such as books, account renditions, laws, and other studies that analyze the issue at the national and provincial levels. In addition, information was collected from secondary sources through surveys of a representative sample of taxpayers such as companies and business owners selling motorized vehicles, information for the analysis of the marketing behavior before and after this tax. With the results obtained it was known that the (IVM) has undergone variation, over the years, the Internal Revenue Service has obtained income from this tax, but not the expected, for several reasons, such as the high prices of motor vehicles, increase in tariffs on imports, among others. Situation that caused an affectation, such as the low marketing of motor vehicles, and financial problems at the local level, so it is necessary for the government to make the necessary changes. Starting from this study it is possible to justify corrective ones, since it is evident that there are problems originated by the variations of the same one.
INCIDENCIA DE LA REINVERSIÓN DE UTILIDADES COMO INCENTIVO TRIBUTARIO Y LOS EFECTOS ECONÓMICOS-FINANCIEROS EN EL SECTOR CAMARONERO DE LA PARROQUIA TENGUEL, PROVINCIA DEL GUAYAS EN EL PERÍODO 2010-2015
(2017-06-13) Romero Romero, Eddy Javier; Loaiza ZAmbrano, Carlos Hérnán; Abambari Arévalo, Mario Jacinto
The study conducted on the reinvestment of profits mainly arises in order to know how this tax incentive has impacted on the economic and financial effects of the companies in the sector shrimp of the parish Tenguel of the province of Guayas, this during the period 2010-2015. Initially was required and was reflected within the literature review relevant information on the reinvestment of profits, in order to know what is, what are the benefits of its application, as well as asked of several governmental and ministerial sources the aim of promoting this measure within country by the national Government. In the methodology section, it was necessary to apply a type of descriptive study determined, the results obtained were that companies in this sector do not perform reinvestment of profits and through access to its financial statements, it was determined that if they apply this benefit they obtain a decrease of 35% to 70% in their income tax , money that would encourage business growth and job creation.
ANÁLISIS E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE CONTROL INTERNO EN EL ÁREA DE VENTAS EN LA COMPAÑÍA MANUFACTURERA “ADIPEGA S.A.”
(2015-02-13) Riera Peredaves, Eliana del Pilar; Sánchez Almeida, Bella María; González Carrión, Raúl
WHAT ABOUT LIQUIDITY?: AN UNDEREXPLORED FACTOR TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN ECUADORIAN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.
(2017-05-13) Hidalgo Cañizares, Claudia; Briones Moncayo, Oscar
The present study explores the concept of liquidity and how liquidity ratios can be employed depending on each company´s needs and characteristics. Numerous authors were analyzed, which described years back the first concepts of liquidity, its usefulness and importance. The paper also mentions the best ways to measure it, and the liquidity ratios preferred by most authors, such as working capital which measures a company´s efficiency and current financial health. A section of the paper describes the different determinants of liquidity such as size and age, and how these affect companies, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, there is a thorough analysis regarding profitability, and how these important aspects of a company are interrelated. Many authors describe a trade-off, given that a key factor that determines a company’s profitability is its level of liquidity, but there must be an appropriate balance. The study points out the negative effects that poor liquidity management can cause –by having too much or too little liquid assets- such as excessive bank loans and overdraft fees, or, on the other hand high maintenance costs and low investments, which directly affect a company’s profitability, and how this is more common in developing countries. Moreover, alternative ways of financing are described, which can be convenient substitutes for companies that don’t have a large amounts of assets and strong structures they can rely on, plus limited access to bank loans. These include factoring and collateral, which tend to be least used in developing countries including Ecuador.

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