FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA MALIGNIDAD DE NÓDULOS TIROIDEOS DE PACIENTES ADULTAS ATENDIDAS EN EL HOSPITAL TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are solid or liquid bulging tissue lesions that form inside the thyroid, a small gland located at the base of the neck, above the breastbone. It is important to indicate that although most thyroid nodules are benign, asymptomatic and stable, they comprise the most frequent histological lesions in the clinical history of a patient, but through ultrasound, cytological and histopathological studies, subclinical characterization of lesions suggestive of malignancy can be obtained and thus know the diagnosis and possible treatment. Objective: To evaluate the risk factors associated with thyroid nodule malignancy in adult patients assisted by the endocrinology department of Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from January to June 2019. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional correlational descriptive study with a mixed approach was conducted, based on the review of 132 medical records of female patients with thyroid nodules assisted by the endocrinology service of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital between January and June 2019. Results: A prevalence of 8% of malignant cytological lesions were detected, a sample characterized by women in 81.1% with 2 or more pregnancies, 34.1% glucose ≥100 mg/dL, BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2 in 49.2% and 34.8% had a family pathological history of thyroid cancer. A significant relationship was demonstrated between the TSH and Bethesda grade. Similarly, family pathological history of thyroid cancer correlated with malignant cytological lesions. Conclusions: The most common thyroid cytological lesion found was benign neoplasia. However, the malignant lesion ranked third along with the indeterminate follicular lesion. A significant association was found between malignant cytology nodules with TSH levels and family pathological history of thyroid cancer.